高自考英语（二）复习指导应试技巧（三）

IV .单词汉译英 (Word Spelling)

　　一、题解

　　本题共 10 分，一共 20 个单词，每个单词 0.5 分，填错(或少写、漏写)字母不给分。本题主要考察书中出现的常用词。

　　二、应试技巧

　　熟练掌握单词拼写是英语学习的基本功。为帮助同学们做好这道题，特提复习建议如下：

　　1 .熟练掌握构词法。通过掌握构词法，可以减轻记忆的负担，增强记忆的效果;要通过构词法的知识来分析每个生词的构成，可以加深印象，温故知新。

　　2. 单词学习以理解为基础。既要掌握单词拼写，又要了解词义、词性。最重要的是结合课文和典型的例句来学习，加强对生词的理解和记忆。

　　3. 记忆单词要日积月累。学完一课，要掌握一课的单词。同时，根据遗忘规律，及时巩固、复习学过的单词，保持长久的记忆。

　　V. 词形变化填空题 (word Form)

　　一、题解

　　这个题型主要考查动词的形态变化，也就是说，根据句子的实际情况将动词的原形变为适当的形式。还包括少量的试题考查形容词或副词的比较级或级的形式变 化，尤为重要的是几个不规则变化的形容词和副词。还可能考查名词和代词的词形变化，名词主要考查变复数的规则、不规则变化;代词有人称、性、数和格的变 化，如何变化，要看代词所代替的名词的性质及该代词在句中担任的成分而定。

　　二、应试技巧

　　1 .熟练掌握动词词形变化规律。

　　注意：动词形式既包括谓语动词的各种形式，如时态、语态及语气 ( 直陈、虚拟 ) 等，虚拟语气为重点，几年来的考题中都有这方面内容;也包括非谓语动词的各种形式。所以做动词的词形变化时，首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后再作相应的变化。

　　2. 认真学好并熟悉课文。 本题所选用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的，其中多数来自课文，所以熟悉教材十分重要。

　　3. 认真钻研相关的语法讲解： 主要指谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词比较等级、情态动词、虚拟语气、形容词比较级、级等部分。 动词：动词是考试的重点。主要包括：动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词。

　　1) 动词的时态：重点是动词的过去时、完成时

　　Seeing violence one television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ______ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.

　　They used to ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day at that time.

　　Some people think relations between people _______(deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.(02\10 have deteriorated)

　　Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______(happen) to her.(02\10 had happened)

　　Some proverbs ______(be) in the language for 1，000 years， for example， “ A friend in need is a friend indeed. ”

　　In the past two decades ， research ______(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dre

　　2) 动词的语态：主要掌握各个时态的被动式

　　The nations that _______actively ________(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan ， Russia ， and the United States.(are involved)

　　3) 动词的语气：

　　A. 掌握非真实条件句中，谓语动词在主句和条件句中的虚拟语气形式。

　　If you had come earlier， you ______ (not miss) the first act of the play.

　　If it hadn ‘ t been for your help， we _____(be) in real trouble.

　　B. 在表示建议、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“紧迫性”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“ should + 动词原形”构成。

　　I would recommend that you _______(think) about doing something similar for yourself. 02\10

　　They demanded that the right to vote ______( give ) to every adult person.

　　C. 动词 wish 、 would rather (sooner) 、 if only 、 as if 后的虚拟语气。

　　I would rather he _____(buy) the house next year. 00\4

　　She treats me as if I ______ (be) a stranger. 02\10

　　The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____( meet) them before. 01\4 had met

　　If only we ______(have) a phone! I ‘ m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.

　　D. in case， for fear that， lest 等词后从句的谓语动词为 (should) + 原形。

　　He took his umbrella with him lest it _______rain.

　　E. 在 It is (high) time that 从句中谓语动词为过去时。

　　It ‘ s high time that we _______(take) firm measures to protect our environment. F. 时间错综条件句。

　　4) 动词的非谓语动词形式：

　　A. 动词不定式 ：主要考查动词不定式作定语、宾语、宾语补足语等的用法。还要注意动词不定式的被动式与完成式。

　　不定式作定语： If there is no choice， there is no decision ______(make)

　　不定式作宾语： Robots， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________(see)。(to be seen)

　　It has been proved that their best ideas seem _____(occur) when they were relaxing.

　　不定式作宾补： They were often compelled ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day.

　　B. 分词：主要考查分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。注意现在分词与过去分词的区别。 另外，还有现在分词的被动式与完成式的形式。

　　分词作定语： Anyone ______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

　　As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals _____(use) in experiments may decrease.

　　An organization is a group of people， and a decision ______(make) today may have consequences far into the future.

　　分词作状语： When ______(present) with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems.

　　________ (tell) that some guests were coming， she shopped all morning in the supermarket. (01\10 having been told)。

　　Her body， with hands and feet _______(bind)， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. bound

　　分词做宾补： They may have their passports ______(remove)， making leaving or “ escaping ” actually impossible.

　　动名词作宾语 ： If you cannot understand， ask： “ Would you mind ______(rephrase) the question， please ? ”

　　If we don ‘ t start out now， we must risk ______(miss) the train.

　　形容词副词 ：

　　The more time you waste， the _____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.(Easier)

　　We know that we are getting even older， and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the ______ its population is likely to be.

　　The ______(far) away we get from the earth， the thinner the air becomes.

　　As Jane was the _____(old)， she looked after the other children in the family.02\10 (eldest )

　　词性转换 ：

　　The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____(trick)situation.

　　These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____(specialize) in its function.