完整的作文II

二．组织结构

　　1.原则

　　一篇作文大多包括几个段落，每一段落都有其中心思想。安排段落大有讲究，段落之间的过渡应该自然，各段衔接起来应该成为一个有机整体，如何安排则取决于文章的内容或类型。办法之一是按照观点的重要性来排列，把次要的放在前面，最重要的放在最后面，也就是用递进的方法使文章在高潮中结束。

　　写文章犹如绘画，掌握比例极为重要。主要的观点、论据应多着笔墨。文章最主要的部分是中间的正文，这部分占全文的十分之七八左右较为适宜。开头和结尾的段落固然也重要，但应该写的简短些。

　　2.开篇

　　写文章时，开篇往往是最难的。作者必须想好从何处说起，再向何处展开。文章的开头并非千篇一律。此处因篇幅所限，仅列出以下几种可行的手法，但所有的段落都可以用来作为论述1941年希特勒对苏联的侵略的开篇。

　　（1）使用统计数字：

　　The attack on the Soviet Union was the largest and fiercest of all that Hitler had launched. He threw in 190 divisions, 3000 tanks, over 5000 planes, and altogether 5.5 million men.

　　（2）使用问句：

　　What made Hitler decide to leave Britain for the time being and turn east to attack the Soviet Union? What made him so sure of a quick victory in that vast country where Napoleon had lost almost all his troops?

　　（3）叙述事件发生的时间和地点：

　　On the morning of June 22, 1941, along the entire 1 800-kilometer-long Soviet frontier, from the Baltic to the Black Sea, the fascist German forces attacked.

　　3.结尾

　　文章的结尾很重要，因为这部分给读者的印象最深。结尾段落主要是重申或总结讨论过的要点，不再提出心得观点或问题。收尾部分应内容充实，简短有力，应能画龙点睛，发人深省。

　　开头和结尾段落往往可以互相呼应。比如，在开头的段落提出一个问题，在结尾的段落给出答案。

　　Today's Recommend：

　　I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved. It happened like this. There was a big revival at my Auntie Reed's church. Every night for weeks there had been much preaching, singing, praying and shouting, and some very hardened sinners had been brought to Christ, and the membership of the church had grown by leaps and bounds. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, " to bring the young lambs to the fold." My aunt spoke of it for days ahead. That night I was escorted to the front row and placed in the mourners' bench with all the other young sinners, who had not yet been brought to Jesus.

　　--选自Langston Hughes Salvation，为该文的开头第一段。