雅思62天倒计时基本功训练：过去完成时的深化

Part I：单词与短语
　　the Mediterranean Sea 地中海；in the Mediterranean在地中海地区；settle down (动词短语)安顿下来；even though (表让步关系)虽然，尽管；continually adv.断断续续地；bitterly cold 异常寒冷；sunshine n.阳光；get a shock (动词短语)感到震惊
　　Part II：语法学习
　　1.过去完成时的深化
　　有关于过去完成时，我们前面已经探讨过，这里除了进一步的深化外，还将引出两个特定的过去完成时句式。
　　示例1：My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.(相对于returned to England，肯定是lived in the Mediterranean在前)
　　示例2：Before he came back, he had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. (发生在came back之前的动作行为)
　　示例3：Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.(表示的是在发生了后来的一连串的事情之前)
　　以下是两个非常有特色的过去完成时句型，比较多地强调或突出了两个动作之间时间间隔的短暂性。请特别注意它们的套用方式。
　　示例4：He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.
　　示例5：He had hardly returned when he bought a house and went to live there.
　　示例6：He had no sooner had time to settle down than he sold the house and left the country.
　　示例7：He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
　　2.虚拟语气的初步接触
　　概念解释：在初步接触虚拟语气时，我们只需知道这一点：虚拟语气实际上是“说废话”！为了从形式上体现出来，虚拟语气之处，时态倒退一级，因此，如果原来应该用一般现在时，现在用一般过去时；如果原来用一般将来时，现在用过去将来时；如果原来应该用一般过去时，现在用过去完成时！
　　示例1：If I were a girl, I would marry you.(说话者是个男的！是不是废话？)
　　示例2：In front of them, I will act as if I did not know you.(不认识你是装出来的，实际上是认识的)
　　Part III：综合训练
　　My old friend, Harrison, (1) lived in the Mediterranean (2) many years (3) he returned to England. He (4) often dreamed of (5 retire) in England (6) (7) planned (8) settle down in the country. He (9) no sooner returned (10) he (11 buy) a house (12) went to live there. Almost immediately he began (13) complain about the weather, (14) even (15) it was still summer, it rained continually (16) it was bitterly cold. (17) so many years of sunshine, Harrison got (18) a shock (19) he acted as if he (20) never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear (21) he (22) hardly had time to settle down (23) he (24 sell) the house (25) (26 leave) the country. The dream he (27) had for so many years (28 end) there. He (29) thought (30) everything except the weather.
　　答案：
　　(1) had; (2) for; (3) before; (4) had; (5) retiring; (6) and; (7) had; (8) to; (9) had; (10) than; (11) bought; (12) and; (13) to; (14) for; (15) though; (16) and; (17) After; (18) such; (19)that; (20) had; (21) and; (22) had; (23) when; (24) sold; (25) and; (26) left; (27) had; (28) ended; (29) had; (30) of
　　Part IV：句型转换与句子翻译
　　1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years. He returned to England.
　　2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England. He had planned to settle down in the country.
　　3. 她刚买了一辆轿车，接着就把它卖掉了。(用两种形式翻译)
　　4. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather. Even though it was still summer, it rained continually. It was bitterly cold.
　　5. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before.
　　6. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
　　7. 他多年的梦想就此破灭了。
　　8. 他之前把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没有想到天气。
　　答案：
　　1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.
　　2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.
　　3. She had no sooner bought a car than she sold it.She had hardly bought a car when she sold it.
　　4. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was bitterly cold.
　　5. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got such a shock that he acted as if he had never lived in England before.
　　6. In the end, it was more than he could bear and, sohe had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
　　7. The dream he had had for so many years ended there.
　　8. He had thought of everything except the weather.
　　Part V：听力与口语训练
　　段落
　　In the US, children usually leave home once they graduate from high school, and find a job or go to college. This is true of both males and females. It is not uncommon, for example, for a young single woman to live alone in an apartment or to share one with one or more others. Many parents would prefer to have their children stay at home until they get married, but once they’ve grown up, young people often feel a need for independence from their parents and go to live apart from home.
　　对话
　　Jessie:Mrs. Lee, have you always lived in Nanjing?
　　Mrs. Lee:All my life. As a matter of fact, I was born in this house. That’s the way it used to be in the old days. People never used to move away from their hometown. You were born in a place, and you lived there until you died.
　　Jessie:Your first husband died ten years ago?
　　Mrs. Lee:Yes, at the age of 92. We had 70 wonderful years together. We were very much alike. Both of us loved to talk to others. People used to talk to each other in the old days. Now they watch TV.
　　Jessie:Mrs. Lee, you’ve already lived a 100 years and you look as if you might live another hundred years. What’s your secret?
　　Mrs. Lee:Well, I laugh a lot. That’s very important. And I keep busy. I get a lot of exercise too. I’ve always enjoyed sports. I went skiing and horseback riding regularly until I was 85. And I’ve always liked swimming. In fact, I still swim every day at the swimming pool, and I’ve started running a little with my second husband.
　　Jessie:When did you remarry?
　　Mrs. Lee:Six years ago. I was 94 and he was a young man of 80. A lot of people say I robbed the cradle!
　　Jessie:Mrs. Lee, you’re a hundred year old now. How do you feel?
　　Mrs. Lee:Great! Not a day over 90!
　　常用语句：
　　1.I usually watch TV for an hour in the evening.
　　2.Do you usually get up so late?
　　3.I graduated from college in 1988.
　　4.Animals need a lot of exercise to keep fit; this is also true of human beings.
　　5.It is not uncommon for me to work very late into night.
　　6.I prefer to have our dinner in the courtyard.
　　7.I feel a need for a new lap top. The old one doesn’t work well and runs too slowly.
　　8.Once children grow up, they feel a need for independence.
　　9.When I graduated from college, I got a job in Shanghai, and had to live apart from home.
　　10.I’ve got a job in Shanghai, so I’ll have to move away from home.
　　11.My wife and I are very much alike—we enjoy watching soap operas.
　　12.You look as if you were only 30 years old.
　　13.I always keep myself busy so that I can forget all about those unpleasant things.
　　单词与短语：
　　usually adv.通常，一般情况下；once adv.一旦；graduate from 从﹍毕业；high school中学；be true of both males and females 对男、女来讲都是一样的；not uncommon 很正常的事；single adj.独身的；live alone独自生活；prefer vi.更喜欢，宁愿；have sb. stay at home让某人留在家里；feel a need for感到有(某种)必要；independence n.自立；live apart from home离开家居住；move away from从某处搬走；be alike相似的；look as if看上去好像；secret n.秘密，秘诀；laugh vi.大笑；keep busy一直忙碌，一直闲不下来；get a lot of exercise很注意锻炼；enjoy vt.喜欢，享受；sports n.体育运动；go horseback riding 骑马；regularly adv.经常地，定期地；husband n.丈夫；remarry v.再婚；unpleasant adj.令人不愉快的；rob the cradle 字面意思：抢劫了摇篮，即：老牛吃嫩草
　　Part VI：快速阅读
　　Learning to Speak English
　　Hello, how are you? When most people learn English as a second language, they learn formal(正式的) English. Unfortunately(不幸的是), learning it like this tends to(往往) make you feel distant(距离远的) and bored(缺乏情趣的). The truth(真实情况) is, most people in English-speaking countries(英语为母语的国家) don’t speak to each other in such a formal way. They speak in a casual(随便的) way to their friends and families. When speaking casually(随意地), people tend to use a lot of informal(不正式的) or colloquial(口语化的) words, and also shorten(缩短) and connect(连接) their phrases(短语). They say things like “Hey, what’s up(还好吗)?” or “Hey! Whatcha been doin’(最近还好吗)?” These expressions(表述) are both common(普遍) and natural(自然) and make you seem like a native speaker(讲母语的人). Using them may make people more interested in talking to you. This type of English is more like what you will hear in movies and TV shows(电视节目). Speaking this way makes native speakers feel more relaxed(放松的，自在的) and you will sound like(听上去像) a friendly person who speaks English well. You got that, buddy(哥们儿)?