Basic Chicago citation style

The traditional Chicago citation style consists of references in notes, either footnotes or endnotes （footnotes go at the bottom of the page on which the note occurs, and endnotes are gathered together at the end of the paper; which you use depends on what your teacher prefers）. The examples here assume footnotes, but endnotes would look the same.

　　The first citation of a work requires full bibliographic information. Subsequent citations take a brief note: usually just author and page. At the end of the paper is a bibliography with a complete, alphabetized list of all works cited. The point of Chicago style is to make it easy for readers to see at a glance the source of a citation.

　　The quoted passage

　　The novel opens evocatively, with a beginning that sounds almost like an ending: "So the beginning of this was a woman and she had come back from burying the dead."

　　The footnote （assuming this is the first citation from this text）

　　11. Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God （Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978）, 9.

　　The footnote （assuming this is not the first citation from this text）

　　11. Hurston, 9.

　　Note that the page number is given without any abbreviation like p.

　　Introducing quotations elegantly takes some practice. Check Effective quoting for help.