英语讲义【20】“义同形异”的常用词

英语讲义【20】“义同形异”的常用词,第1张

英语讲义【20】“义同形异”的常用词,第2张

上一期谈过了“形式义异”的混淆词,这期要谈“义同形异”的常用词。

  1.Over / above

  "Over"和"above"这两个介词的意思是在…….上面。“我们可以说(1)The sky is above our heads,也可以说(2)The sky is over our heads.我们也可以说(3)He Spread his handkerchief over his face.但不能说*(4)He spread his handkerchief above his face. 同样的,可以说(5)John has travelled all over the world以及 (6)The King reigns over a great empire,但是(5)和(6)里的 "over"却不可以"above"取代。

  2.bring / take

  "Bring"和"take"的意思相同,但用法并不一样。

  "Bring"指东西向说话的人的方向去,如:

  (7) Bring me the book, please.

  "Take"指东西向说话的人离去,如:

  (8)Take the dictionary away from me .

  由此可见,"bring"和"take"都表示东西要移动,只是方向不同:"bring"向说话者而来;"take"向说话者而去。

  3.Certain / sure

  "Certain"和"sure"都含“确定”之意,只是在句中的用法有些不同。下列第九到十一的句子都对,但第十二的句子就不行了:

  (9) We are certain to come to the party. / Tom is sure to come today.

  (10) I am not certain whether I will be able to do it. / Are you sure that you will do it?

  (11) It is certain that Jason will leave me.

  *(12) It is sure that Jason will leave me.

  4. rob / Steal

  虽然这两个字都是及物动词,但用法不同,不可互相取代。

  "Steal"的宾语通常是被偷的东西,如“钱,手表”之类。"Rob" 的宾语必须是“人”或“地方”。如:

  (13) A thief entered her house and stole her valuables.

  (14) A stranger robbed a passer-by.

  (15) Who robbed the bank last night?

  5.chase / follow

  这两个动词,一个是“追逐”,另一个是“跟随”,都是人家在前,他在后,但用起来不一样;"chase"不但是动词,也是名词,如:

  (16)The cat chased the mouse and caught it soon after.

  (17)The puplis followed the teacher to the classroom.

  (18)There was a thrilling car chase in the film.

  (19) Social unrest follows widespread unemployment.

  (20) I could not follow what he was saying.

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