索玉柱07英汉翻译八大操作策略之主句先(后)行
长句之间往往被插入一个词组或小句,有时甚至还会是一段文字,这可以说是英语典型的行文结构之一。英译汉时,将主句作为一句整句翻译出来,插入成分则另行处理。这种“主句先行或主句后行”的操作方法能够把主要和次要信息安置的流畅,表达上的矛盾也迎刃而解了。何时先行,何时后行?选择的依据是要看,哪一个具体操作能使译成的汉语更通顺、地道、紧凑。
试比较下例:
Airlines around the world,spurred by growing passenger volume and the need to replace hundreds of aging 1960s-era jets,have embarked on an unprecedented shopping rush.
主句先行:世界各个航空公司掀起了一股空前未有的购机热潮。购机是迫于乘客流量不断增加,又加上各航空公司有必要对已日显陈旧的60年代喷气客机进行更换。
主句后行:迫于乘客流量不断增加,又加上各航空公司有必要对已日显陈旧的60年代喷气客机进行更换,世界各个航空公司掀起了一股空前未有的购机热潮。[此译文读起来更连贯、紧凑和地道,可接受程度较高。]
*It would have puzzled the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems.
结构分析:句子的框架是it would have puzzled the brightest minds.to be told.…how……and how。it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式结构to be told。此不定式的被动结构译成主动态。两个how引导的感叹句做told的宾语。minds此处泽成“有才智的人”;Enlightenment此处指“启蒙运动”。来源:www.examda.com
参考译文:如果我们当中任何一个人要告诉18世纪启蒙运动中最聪明的人,我们的知识有多么少,以及前途似乎又多么令人感到迷茫,这些都会使他们吃惊不已。
*What I see behind many of these exciting stories is the widespread and even revolutionary use of distributed Intelligence that is made possible by the wiringof the scientific community.
结构分析:句子框架是What l see。is the widespread and even revolutionary use…。what引导名词性从句做主语。句尾的关系代词that引导定语从句修饰distributed intelligence.被动结构be made possible by译成主动态“……有可能实现靠的足……”。scientific community译成“科学界”。
参考译文:通过很多这样激动人心的报道,我看到的是对分布式智能技术广泛地,甚至是革新地加以利用;这一技术有可能实现靠的是科学界的“网络化”。
*We wouldn''t have networks capable of handling massive amounts of data if physicists and astronomers hadn''t continuously forged tools to look more deeply into subatomic structures and the cosmos.
结构分析:句子框架是We wouldn''t have networks。if…。if引导条件状语从句。主句中capable of handling massive amounts of data为形容词短语做后置定语修饰networks,相当于。networks that are capable of handling massive amounts of data.forge原意为“打(铁等);锻造”,此处转译为“研制”。
参考译文:如果物理学家和天文学家不曾连续研制各种工具,以便更深入地微原子结构和宇宙的话,我们就不会有能够处理大量信息的网络系统。
*Given that the priorities of Congress will almost certainly differ from those of the president,it will take an unprecedented level of input and commitment from the research community to ensure the investments in science and engineering.
结构分析:句子框架是it will take an unprecedented level of input and commitment from。to ensure…the investments…,it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式结构to ensure the investments。句首的given that引导状语从句,译为“到;假如…”。指示代词those代指前面提到的the priorities,以避免重复。priorities此处不要译成“优先考虑”,而是美国国会的“优先权”。an unprecedented level of转译为“一笔可观的”;commitment此处引申译为“赞助”。
参考译文:考虑到国会的优先权几乎肯定与总统的不同,那么要想保证科学和工程学的投资,就要从科研机构那里接收一笔可观的投入和赞助。
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