考研英语英译汉十大难点之英译汉中的惯用法(3)

一、英译汉中的动词的处理方法
　　一是常用动词，二是高难动词，三是容易混消的动词，四是动词短语。
　　 (1)常用动词
　　例：For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
　　例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
　　(2)高难动词
　　例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
　　这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
　　(3)容易混消的动词
　　例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
　　人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
　　(4)动词短语
　　例：Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country’’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
　　再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
　　二、英译汉中的非谓语动词
　　(1)把非谓语动词直接译成动词
　　例：However， the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.
　　然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
　　 (2)把非谓语动词直接译成形容词
　　例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang， first put forward in the 1920s， to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
　　巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十世纪二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。
　　(3)把非谓语动词直接译成名词
　　例：When that happens， it is not a mistake： it is mankind’’s instinct for moral reasoning in action， an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
　　当人们产生同情心的时候并不是一个错误，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄
　　(4)把非谓语动词直接译成谓词动词
　　例：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
　　在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求；另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。