英语讲义【67】分词和形容词的差别

英语讲义【67】分词和形容词的差别,第1张

英语讲义【67】分词和形容词的差别,第2张

在英语里,形容词可以修饰名词,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)也可以修饰名词。久而久之,很多分词已经转化为形容词。这样的形容词和修饰名词的分词,在意义和用法上,有何不同呢?

  ㈠从现在分词转化的形容词只反映名词的特点,但现在分词则表示名词的动作。例如:

  ① It is an interesting story.(有趣的)
  ② Tom spoke with trembling fingers.(颤抖的)

  第一句的“interesting”表示名词“story”的特点,所以是形容词;第二句的“trembling”表示名词“fingers”的动作,所以是现在分词。

  ㈡现在分词转化的形容词可以冠以“very, extremely, so”等程度副词(adverbs of degree),而且还可以作比较。例如:

  ③ That was a very illuminating example.
  ④ Jim is an extremely promising young man.
  ⑤ This story book is more interesting than that one.
  ⑥ The film we saw yesterday was the most moving one we have ever seen.

  上述的程度副词和比较式不可加到现在分词去,因此⑦和⑧是错的:

  ⑦ He spoke with very trembling fingers.
  ⑧ Her right eye is more sparkling than her left eye.

  ㈢过去分词转化的形容词表示名词的特色,但过去分词修饰名词时则反映动作的结果。例如:

  ⑨ Henry is an experienced teacher.
  ⑩ There are many talented people in China.
  11 No one can enter through that locked door.
  12 Is Ng Min a spoilt child?

  ⑨和⑩是转化形容词;╆和╇是过去分词。

  ㈣由过去分词转化的形容词可以冠以程度副词“too, so, very ”等,如:

  13 Hawker centres in Singapore are very crowded places.
  14 Samual was too upset to say anything.
  15 The winner was so agitated that he could not utter a single word.

  此外,有些转化形容词还可以变成状态副词,即有“-ly”的副词,如:

  16 determinedly; confusedly; excitedly; expectedly; supposedly.

  反之,过去分词既不可以冠以程度副词,也不可变成状态副词。

  最后,有些转化形容词里的“-ed”语音和过去分词的不同,如:

  17 a.blessed/blesid/“神圣的”
    b.blessed/blest/“求神保佑”

  18a.crooked/krukid/“弯曲的”
    b.crooked/krukt/“使弯曲”

  19a.learned/l3:nid/“博学的”
    b.learned/l3:nd/“学习”

  17a, 18a和19a属转化形容词;17b, 18b和19b则是过去分词。

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