英语讲义【91】混淆的动词形态

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英语讲义【91】混淆的动词形态,第2张

以前谈过了动词形态的错误,这种错误屡见不鲜,是英语错误中常见的一种。因为这缘故,很多英语考试,都会有一项动词形式选择或改正的试题。

  从观察所得,动词形态错误的一个原因是不规则动词的混淆所引起的。

  这里便举些例子谈谈。

  ㈠ Hang

  这动词有两个主要意思,就是“悬挂”和“吊死”。前者的过去式和过去分词是hung,如:

  ① Mr Lim hung a newly bought oil painting on the wall.
  ② Who has hung the dirty clothes on the tree?

  Hang当“吊死”时用,它的过去式和过去分词是hanged,如:

  ③ The prisoner hanged himself in the prison.
  ④ Drug-traffickers, if arrested, will be hanged.

  如果贸贸然用hung代替hanged或以hanged取代hung就会令人莫名其妙,如:

  ⑤ The murderer was caught and hung.
  ⑥ How can such a nice painting be hanged in the kitchen?

  ㈡ Lie

  这动词的常见意思是“说谎”和“躺下”。前者的过去式和过去分词是lied;后者的是lay和lain.

  若不小心,把两个动词的形式搞乱了,很可能会有这样的错误:

  ⑦ The puppy lied on the carpet and slept.
  ⑧ Have you lain to your good friend?

  ⑦里的应为lay;⑧里的是lied.

  提到lay,它也是原动词,意思是“生产”或“摆设”;过去式和过去分词都是laid,如:

  ⑨ That hen has laid its first egg.
  ⑩ Mother laid the table for dinner.

  ㈢ Speed

  当“急驰”时,这动词的过去式和过去分词是sped;和up连用当 “加速”解时,则用speeded,如:

  The boy ran out of doors and sped down the main road.
  The new scheme has speeded up the administrative process.

  ㈣ Bear

  这动词有几个意思,包括“生产”和“出生”,过去形式是bore ,过去分词是born/borne,如:

  Pat has borne two lovely children.
  Lily was born after Singapore's independence.

  Born只用在“出生”这意思上,其余的要用borne,如:

  The Government's investments abroad have borne fruit.(结果)
  David has borne with the unfriendly criticisms with tremendous courage.(忍受)

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