职称英语考试词汇基础:英语单词构词法(1)

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英语的构词法主要有三种:合成法,派生法和转换法。
  合成法(composition)
  两个或两个以上独立的词一起出现,合成一个新词的方法就称为复合法,也叫合成法。所构成的词就叫复合词或合成词。合成词在英语中也是比较活跃的,常见的有复合形容词,复合名词,复合动词。
  复合形容词常用做定语,有时也用做表语。如:
  I have a five-year-old son. (定语)
  Are you airsick? (表语)
  职称英语文章中常见的复合形容词构词方法:
  形容词+名词+ed :absent-minded, good-tempered (形容词和其修饰的名词之间的关系e.g. absent-minded = (with) an absent mind)
  形容词+现在分词:good-looking, fine-sounding(系动词和表语之间的关系 e.g. good-looking= looking good)
  副词+现在分词:hardworking, far-reaching(动词和修饰该动词的副词之间的关系 e.g. hardworking = working hard)
  名词+现在分词:peace-loving(动词和其宾语之间的关系 e.g. peace-loving = loving peace)
  名词+表示被动的过去分词:state-owed, state-run(显示被动关系e.g. state-owed = owed by (the) state)
  副词+表示被动的过去分词:well-known, widespread(过去分词和修饰该动词的副词关系 e.g. well-known = known well )
  形容词+名词:large-scale, high-class(形容词和其修饰的名词之间的关系e.g. large-scale = (of) (a) large scale)
  名词+形容词:duty-free(免税的), airsick (晕飞机)(名词和与之相关的表语之间的关系(在这样的情况下,往往表示逻辑关系的介词会被省略掉) e.g. duty-free = (with) duty (being) free; 逻辑上的因果关系:e.g. (being) sick (of)air(plane))
  以职称英语书中用词为例:
  (Computer)In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information that they are …
  名词+过去分词:Computer-based = based (on) computer 在计算机中使用的,计算机处理的
  比较:a New York-based company 建立在纽约的公司
  (Dangers Await Babies with Altitude) This is true in both high and low-income families.
  形容词+名词Low-income = (with) low income 收入低的
  (Science Fiction)Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,…
  形容词+名词+ed : Clear-sighted = (with) clear sight 视力好的,聪明的, 英明的
  (Science Fiction) Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into ...
  副词+过去分词: Well-known = known well 被很多人知道的,的
  (The Fridge) ..busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated housed
  副词+过去分词:Artificially-cooled = cooled artificially 人工降温的
  副词+过去分词:Artificially-heated = heated artificially 人工加热的
  复合名词数量也很多,可用做主语和宾语等。一些复合名词的构成实际上与其相对应的动词短语有关系, 如:
  Sightseeing took up the whole morning
  Sightseeing = seeing (the) sights 观光
  No smoking during take-off.
  Take-off = taking off (飞机)起飞

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