什么？写不出缺陷来！拿下这个点，初级PSCO再也不怕被屌了……

这几天，有个刚入行的PSCO跟老编港：上船查不出缺陷，总被老PSCO屌，怎么办？

正好，赶上另一个大兄嘚的船被俄罗斯PSCO开了缺陷，很委屈的港：我们是大公司，在图书配备上有预算，每年都买最新版本，怎么会被开缺陷，是不是PSCO搞错了？！

咱们结合起来看一下，我就不信了，学了这个点还找不到缺陷？

01

那位大兄嘚发给老编缺陷是：SOLAS training manual not ship specific i.e. equipment listed not the same as provided on board。

缺陷的意思是说：船舶训练手册不符合船舶实际，比如：训练手册上的设备类别不符合船舶实际布置。

我们先看下SOLAS中关于Training manual的规定，该规定位于SOLAS第III章第35条（摘录如下）：Training manual and on-board training aids

1.This regulation applies to all ships.

2.A training manual complying with the requirements of paragraph 3 shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin.

3.The training manual, which may comprise several volumes, shall contain instructions and information, in easily understood terms illustrated wherever possible, on the life-saving appliances provided in the ship and on the best methods of survival. Any part of such information may be provided in the form of audio-visual aids in lieu of the manual. The following shall be explained in detail:

.1 donning of lifejackets, immersion suits and anti-exposure suits, as appropriate;

.2 muster at the assigned stations;

.3 boarding, launching, and clearing the survival craft and rescue boats, including, where applicable, use of marine evacuation systems;

.4 method of launching from within the survival craft;

.5 release from launching appliances;

.6 methods and use of devices for protection in launching areas, where appropriate;

.7 illumination in launching areas;

.8 use of all survival equipment;

.9 use of all detection equipment;

.10 with the assistance of illustrations, the use of radio life-saving appliances;

.11 use of drogues;

.12 use of engine and accessories;

.13 recovery of survival craft and rescue boats including stowage and securing;

.14 hazards of exposure and the need for warm clothing;

.15 best use of the survival craft facilities in order to survive;

.16 methods of retrieval, including the use of helicopter rescue gear(slings, baskets, stretchers), breeches-buoy and shore life-saving apparatus and ship's line-throwing apparatus;

.17 all other functions contained in the muster list and emergency instructions;and

.18 instructions for emergency repair of the life-saving appliances.

4. Every ship fitted with a marine evacuation system shall be provided with on-board training aids in the use of the system.

5 .The training manual shall be written in the working language of the ship. 

把这一段拆解下来，我们可以得到这么几个要点：

一是：训练手册用什么语言编写？

只能是工作语言。

什么是工作语言?

翻下航海日志，第一页就会规定船舶的工作语言。

对于五星红旗的船舶，如果工作语言是英语，必选要翻译成英文版。如果翻译不来，把工作语言改成中文也是一样的。

对于工作语言还不清楚的，可以复习老编的推送：PSC迎检| 工作语言很重要！定错了，大麻烦！

二是：训练手册的配备数量问题。

公约中要求：in each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin需要配备。

这个and和or的理解，有些许争议，有的认为是并列，有的认为是转折。

老编的认为，按照公约的本意，配备这玩意是为了船员学习和掌握和应用，在用不在多。

应该是提供了两种方式选择供选择，一是每个船员餐厅+娱乐室均配备一本；二是每一船员舱室配备一本。

两个方案选一个就可以，如果不在乎这点小钱，每个地方都配一个，也是允许的。

三是：训练手册的内容

训练手册应该包含的内容，公约中列举了18项：救生衣/服的使用、集合地点、救生艇/筏的使用、救生筏的降落、降落设备的使用和防护、降落区域照明、救生属具的使用、探测设备的使用、无线电的使用、海锚的使用、发电机的使用、救助艇的回收使用与存放、海上风险与保温衣服的常识、救生筏的使用、救助的相关知识、应变部署的职责与救生设备应急修理等，这些项目是必须包含的内容。

至于形式，可以是纸质的，也可以是视频的，只要在训练手册中做了说明就可以。

实际上，注意到以上三点，基本上就能满足公约要求。

但是，老编也不得不承认，对于训练手册，船舶却总被PSCO开缺陷！

02

下面我们先举几个，PSCO开具的缺陷（训练手册的缺陷代码只有一个11131）

1.A training manual complying with the requirements of paragraph 3 shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin. Training manual was not provided in mess room and recreation room, and the training manual was also not provided in the working language of the crew.

这个缺陷的意思是说，SOLAS要求在each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin这么三个位置提供训练手册，但是船舶没有在餐厅和娱乐室提供训练手册，并且训练手册不是使用工作语言编制的。

这个缺陷就是理解上的问题了

PSCO认为：娱乐室、餐厅和船员房间均需要配备这玩意，以免村东头的厕所没纸。

实际上，船舶只在船员房间配备了。

咋整？

所以，上面老编只能说我个人理解，两个方式选一个即可，但是保险的方式，是每个地方都放。

毕竟，and 和 or 有的人会故意做出适合自己的解释。

2.Training manual was not provided in mess room and recreation room, and the training manual was also not provided in the working language of the crew.

同上

3.Training manual in crew mess room is not ship specific. Non relevant information of equipment or systems which are not relevant to vessel are provided in the manual extensively. Several Life Raft launching instructions observed posted nearby life rafts. Some of which are irrelevant to current life raft release/launching system.

娱乐室的训练手册与船舶实际布置不相符。训练手册中列明的设备信息在船上找不到，救生筏附近张贴的操作说明与实际上的救生筏释放操作不一致。

比如：A品牌的操作，张贴了B品牌的操作说明。

4.Safety training manual instruction for davit-launched liferaft not included. Rescue boat and liferaft's davit operating instruction not included.

船上配备了可吊式救生筏，但是训练手册中没有该项目内容，救助艇的吊机的操作使用也没有包括。

这个项目，PSCO显然有备而来，查的就有些细致了。

5.Solas training manual doesn't provide with explanation and details of illumination in launching areas.

训练手册中没有提供降落区域照明的说明和细节。

对于照明亮度的问题，老编做过专门提示，参考：灯泡亮不亮、足够亮不？这个中招，一项就滞留！

6.Vessel training manual do not contain training instruction for the make / model of equipment on board for example EEBD.

训练手册中没有包含船舶配备型号的EEBD使用方法。

一般EEBD有两种，一种是头戴式的，一种盒装的，这艘船配备的EEBD和训练手册中演示的应该不是一个类型。

通过上面六个PSCO开具的实际缺陷，我们可以归结出PSCO对训练手册的检查：

首先，是查工作语言，这是初级PSCO的水平

然后，是看内容，这是最容易出问题的部位，一般只有Senior PSCO都会这么查。

查的手段也很简单，就是把SOLAS第III章第35条第3项列出的18个项目，对照船舶实际去核查，基本一查一个准。