最新《自然》研究论文一览:疫苗增强针无效+RNA&DNA杂交体激活免疫+炎症生态位阻碍肌肉再生+人类体节发生+精子发生的分子进化
As 2022 enters its final weeks, we look back on the past 12 months through the lens of Nature’s 10 — ten people who helped to shape science during the year. The cover takes its inspiration from the stunning images that have so far emerged from the James Webb Space Telescope. Launched on Christmas Day 2021, the telescope sent its first image back to Earth this summer and has since provided astronomers with views of the Universe in unprecedented detail.
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阅读建议:为了增加读者阅读体验,我们新增了语法分析部分。在每个完整英文句子中,加粗的英文单词或短语组成句子的“主谓宾”主干,未加粗的斜体短语是主干的修饰语(定语或状语)。如果中文翻译没有到位,请各位读者参考对应的英文句子。每位读者侧重点肯定有所不同,想要查看研究论文原文的读者请点击左下角“阅读原文”。
本期Nature全部研究论文如下(共14篇):
Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution
【印迹SARS冠状病毒2型体液免疫诱导趋同型Omicron RBD进化】
研究结果表明,目前的群体免疫和BA.5疫苗增强针可能不能有效地预防Omicron趋同变异的感染。Study results suggest that current herd immunity and BA.5 vaccine boosters may not efficiently prevent the infection of Omicron convergent variants.
背靠背:Reconstruction and deconstruction of human somitogenesis in vitro【体外人类体节发生的重建与解构】& Reconstituting human somitogenesis in vitro【体外重组实现人类体节发生】
他们介绍了一个“类轴突”3D 模型,能准确地捕获躯体发生过程中分节时钟的振荡动力学以及体外连续体细胞形成的形态学和分子特征。体节发生在时间上具有节律性,体节的出现是由分节时钟决定的,分节时钟是一种控制和指导它们出现的遗传振荡器。
R-loop-derived cytoplasmic RNA–DNA hybrids activate an immune response
【R- 环衍生的细胞质 RNA-DNA 杂交体激活免疫应答】
RNA-DNA 杂交体是一种免疫原性物种,经过 R 环加工后可以在细胞质中异常积累,通过先天性免疫反应将 R 环积累与细胞死亡联系起来。RNA–DNA hybrids are immunogenic species that canaberrantly accumulate in the cytoplasm after R-loop processing, linking R-loop accumulation to cell death through the innate immune response.
Actin cytoskeleton and complex cell architecture in an Asgard archaeon
【Asgard 古生菌的肌动蛋白细胞骨架和复杂细胞结构】
Asgard 门的一个成员“假丝酵母”的培养和分析揭示了一个具有广泛的膜突起的复杂的细胞结构。Culture and analysis of 'Candidatus Lokiarchaeum ossiferum’—a member of the Asgard phylum—reveals an elaborate cell architecture with extensive membranous protrusions.
A cortico-collicular circuit for orienting to shelter during escape
【皮质回路在逃跑时用来定位到掩体的皮质回路】
老鼠的后脾皮层和上丘形成一个神经回路,专门编码庇护所的位置,便于迅速逃离掠食性威胁。The retrosplenial cortex and superior colliculus of mouse form a neural circuit that specifically encodes shelter location, facilitating rapid escape from predatory threats.
Inheritance of paternal DNA damage by histone-mediated repair restriction
【组蛋白介导的修复限制对亲本 DNA 损伤的遗传作用】
在秀丽隐杆线虫中,父本接触电离辐射导致 HIS-24和 HPL-1依赖的基因组不稳定表型,导致后代胚胎致死。In Caenorhabditis elegans, paternal exposure to ionizing radiation results in HIS-24 and HPL-1-dependent genome instability phenotypes, causing embryonic lethality in the offspring.
BRD8 maintains glioblastoma by epigenetic reprogramming of the p53 network
【BRD8通过 p53网络的表观遗传重编程来维持胶质母细胞瘤】
BRD8被确定为携带野生型 p53的胶质母细胞瘤的特定表观遗传易感性。BRD8 is identified as a specific epigenetic vulnerability for glioblastomas that harbour wild-type p53.
Senescence atlas reveals an aged-like inflamed niche that blunts muscle regeneration
【衰老图谱揭示了一个老年样发炎的生态位,阻碍肌肉再生】
体内衰老细胞的寿命图显示它们是不均匀的。衰老细胞产生一个衰老样发炎的生态位,反映了与衰老有关的炎症,并阻止干细胞增殖和组织再生。A lifetime cartography of in vivo senescent cells shows that they are heterogeneous. Senescent cells create an aged-like inflamed niche that mirrors inflammation associated with ageing and arrests stem cell proliferation and tissueregeneration.
The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals
【哺乳动物精子发生的分子进化】
报道了11个物种睾丸单核转录组数据的进化分析,阐明了精子发生和相关作用力的分子进化,为研究哺乳动物睾丸提供了资源。Evolutionary analyses of single-nucleus transcriptome data for testes from 11 species are reported, illuminating the molecular evolution of spermatogenesis and associated forces, and providing a resource for investigating the testis across mammals.
Locus coeruleus activity improves cochlear implant performance
【蓝斑活性提高了人工耳蜗的表现】
对失聪大鼠的行为学研究表明,蓝斑活性和可塑性是人工耳蜗快速适应和长期听力表现的关键。Behavioural studieswith deafened ratsshow that locus coeruleus activity and plasticity are key to rapid adaptation to and long-term hearing performance with cochlear implants.
Topological lattices realized in superconducting circuit optomechanics【拓扑晶格在超导电路光力学中的实现】实现了具有异常低无序度的一维和二维光机械晶格,显示了光机械相互作用如何可以用于哈密顿量的直接测量,而不是紧束缚近似。
Vela pulsar wind nebula X-rays are polarized to near the synchrotron limit【船帆脉冲风星云 X 射线偏振度接近同步加速器极限】在船帆脉冲风星云内部的前缘,极化率可以超过60% ,与超新星残骸的情况相反,在高度均匀的磁场中,脉冲风星云中的电子在极少或根本没有湍流的情况下被加速。
Synthesis-on-substrate of quantum dot solids【量子点固体的衬底合成】通过配体结构的调控,在衬底上原位合成了超小单分散钙钛矿结构量子点,产生了迄今为止报道的外量子效率最高的蓝色钙钛矿结构 LED。
白度搜_经验知识百科全书 » 最新《自然》研究论文一览:疫苗增强针无效+RNA&DNA杂交体激活免疫+炎症生态位阻碍肌肉再生+人类体节发生+精子发生的分子进化
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