2000年10月全国高等教育自学考试英语（一）试题

PART ONE

　　I.Vocabulary and Structure （10 points，1 point for each）

　　从下列各句四个选项中选 出一个答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

　　1.Death and taxes are two things in life that every American can be sure ______.

　　[A]of

　　[B]for

　　[C]at

　　[D]with

　　2.The Atlantic Ocean is over 6，000 km ______where Christopher Columbus crossed it.

　　[A]deep

　　[B]wide

　　[C]long

　　[D]across

　　3.Two men were sitting in a doctors waiting room. “What are you in here

　　______ “asked one.

　　[A]for

　　[B]to

　　[C]on

　　[D]about

　　4.It is a good idea for parents to monitor the ______ as well as the kind of

　　television that their preschool child watches.

　　[A]number

　　[B]size

　　[C]amount

　　[D]program

　　5.In the garage sale， eager buyers bought all but 50 of the unwanted items

　　in one weekend， leaving the Ericksons $442 ______.

　　[A]rich

　　[B]better

　　[C]richer

　　[D}good

　　6.Many people have made a ______to a physical fitness program so as to

　　maintain good health.

　　[A]decision

　　[B]commitment

　　[C]contribution

　　[D]difference

　　7.Many species of animals are under the threat of ______because of the rapid

　　change of natural environment.

　　[A]guns

　　[B]existence

　　[C]hunters

　　[D]extinction

　　8.The knowledge and power of the Information Age will be within reach not

　　just of the few， _____of every classroom， every library in the near future.

　　[A]but

　　[B]instead

　　[C]because

　　[D]then

　　9.Generally，the children stay in the nuclear family______ they grow up and marry.

　　[A]although

　　[B]as

　　[C]until

　　[D]where

　　10.The difference between the baby twins is so small ______ it is even hard

　　for their Mum to tell.

　　[A]as

　　[B]that

　　[C]since

　　[D]if

　　II. Cloze Test （10 points，1 point for each）

　　下列短文中有10个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

　　Children are curious about the world around them. For example， they want to

　　know___11___ their hearts beat. They want to know why the ocean water

　　___12___ salty. ___13___children grow up， they become curious about

　　different kinds of things. When they are babies， they are interested in the

　　parts of their bodies and in the smiles of their mothers. ___14___ they

　　become interested in the physical world around them the plants， the animals，

　　the sky. Later， they become interested in the things___15___ people have

　　made： wheels， bicycles， cars. And when they are adults， their curiosity

　　___16___. Sometimes this curiosity leads to a ___17___ in science.

　　Scientists spend their lives ___18___ to find out about the world. ___19___

　　who work with the earth sciences study the earth， the oceans， and the skies.

　　___20___scientists who study living work with the biological sciences. A

　　third group of scientists study the physical sciences， e.g. physics， chemistry.

　　11.

　　[A]what

　　[B]how

　　[C]which

　　[D]when

　　12.

　　[A]feels

　　[B]smells

　　[C]tastes

　　[D]looks

　　13.

　　[A]As

　　[B]Since

　　[C]As soon as

　　[D]As long as

　　14.

　　[A]so

　　[B]Even

　　[C]Thus

　　[D]Then

　　15.

　　[A]that

　　[B]whom

　　[C]why

　　[D]in which

　　16.

　　[A]exists

　　[B]stops

　　[C]continues

　　[D]decreases

　　17.

　　[A]work

　　[B]research

　　[C]field

　　[D]career

　　18.

　　[A]try

　　[B]to try

　　[C]trying

　　[D]tried

　　19.

　　[A]That

　　[B]This

　　[C]Those

　　[D]These

　　20.

　　[A]Other

　　[B]Another

　　[C]Others

　　[D]The other

　　III. Reading Comprehension 930 points， 2 points for each）

　　从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 21 to 25 to 25 are based on the following passage.

　　For a clearer picture of what the student knows， most teachers use another

　　kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests，

　　which require students to write long answers to broad， general questions

　　such as the following：“ Mention several ways I which Benjamin Franklin has

　　influenced the thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of

　　the world.“ One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element

　　of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess.

　　Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more abort the students

　　ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how

　　deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes， though， essay tests gave

　　disadvantages， too. Some students are able to write rather good answers

　　without really knowing much about the subject， while other students who

　　actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in the essay form.

　　Besides， in an essay test the students score may depend upon the examiners

　　feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored，

　　the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner

　　reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this，

　　the objective test gives each student a fairer chance， and of course it

　　is easier and quicker to score.

　　Whether an objective test or an essay test it used， problems arise. When

　　some objective questions are used along with some essay questions， however，

　　a fairly clear picture of the students knowledge can usually be obtained.

　　21.What may have been discussed in the previous paragraphs

　　[A]The essay test.

　　[B][How teachers test their students.

　　[C]How students write their essays.

　　[D]The objective test.

　　22.The essay test is preferred because _______

　　[A]it shows more about the students understanding of the subject

　　[B]it tests the students knowledge of the material as well as his

　　expression of ideas.

　　[C]it gives each student a fairer chance

　　[D]its scoring may be influenced by the examiners feelings

　　23.The word this（Line 4， Para.3）refers to the fact that _______

　　[A]students may receive a lower score in an essay test

　　[B]another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark

　　[C]different examiners may give the same essay different scores

　　[D]the objective test gives each student a fairer chance

　　24.According to the passage， which of the following statements about the

　　objective test is NOT true

　　[A]It is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring.

　　[B]It allows the student to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.

　　[C]It shows the students ability to think about difficult problems.

　　[D]It is easy and quick to score.

　　25.According to the author， an ideal test should be ________

　　[A]an objective test

　　[B]an essay test

　　[C]a combination of the two

　　[D]something new

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　Around the world two thirds of the people are farmers. Most of them engage

　　in subsistence farming. This means that they raise plants and animals to

　　furnish their families with food and other supplies. They consume their

　　varied output and have little to sell or to trade for other goods.

　　Subsistence farms were common in the United States at on time， but there are

　　few such farms today.

　　Two thirds of American farmers practice commercial farming. Commercial farms

　　produce about 97 per cent of the countrys agricultural goods. These farms

　　are operated much like other industries. The members of the farm family

　　produce the commodities（商品）that will be sent to the market. They sell their

　　products and buy the things they need.

　　Some commercial farms are big factories in the field. They may be owned by

　　company or by an individual as an investment. Most American farms， however，

　　are still operated by families. A farmer may own or rent his land.

　　In a country as large as the United States， farms vary widely in climate，

　　land surface， soil， water supply， convenience to market， and other

　　characteristics. Different regions may have different kinds of specialized

　　farms. Specialized farmers concentrate on the kind of farming best suited to

　　the land and climate， to their technical skills， and to the money they

　　invest in the farm.

　　However， no region is limited to a single type of farm. Indeed few farms are

　　limited to one crop or commodity. Where out put is varied and no one kind of

　　crop or commodity produces more than half of a farms income， it is

　　classified as a general farm. The general farmer grows varied crops to use

　　the efferent kinds of soils or surfaces on his land and to employ his time

　　and machinery most efficiently.

　　26.Subsistence farmers ______.

　　[A]grow crops for their families own use

　　[B]sell a lot of their products for money

　　[C]trade their varied out put for other goods

　　[D]use their agricultural products as commodities

　　27.Subsistence farms ______.

　　[A]are very popular in the United States now

　　[B]are still common in many parts of the world

　　[C]consist of two thirds of the total number of the farms in the world today

　　[D]used to be the major form of farming in the world

　　28.American commercial farms ______.

　　[A]furnish the country with two thirds of the food its people need

　　[B]are run in much the same way as other industries

　　[C]are all owned by different companies

　　[D]never rent their land for farming

　　29.Aspecialized farm is characterized by ______.

　　[A]its especially large size

　　[B]its independence of the market

　　[C]its concentration on a single type of farming

　　[D]tits special way of operation

　　30.A farm is classified a general if ______.

　　[A]more than half of its income comes from varied crops

　　[B]it is limited to a single type of farm

　　[C]it employs different kinds of machines

　　[D]the soils or surfaces of its land are used most efficiently

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

　　No one knows for sure why birds migrate（定期迁徙）。One theory of migration

　　says that ancient birds of the northern part of the earth were forced

　　southward during the Ice Age， when ice covered large parts of Europe， Asia

　　and North America. As the ice melted， the birds came back to their

　　homelands， spent the summer， and then went south again in winter. Gradually，

　　these comings and goings became habits， and birds now migrate though much of

　　the ice has gone.

　　Another theory proposes that the ancient home of all modern birds was the

　　tropic areas. There lived so well that the region became overcrowded. Many

　　species had to move northward. During the summer， these birds found plenty

　　of room and food. In winter， however， food became scarce and they had to

　　return to the south.

　　A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands（腺）in

　　the birds body and prepares it for migration. One scientist is able to make

　　birds migrate in midwinter by ex posing them for two months to artificial

　　daylight. Recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as

　　they are set free. The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined

　　by changes in the birds body which take place under seasonal changes in the

　　length of daylight.

　　This theory would account for the fact that not all birds migrate at the

　　same time. Each species seems to have its own schedule. The theory would

　　also account for the regular time and routes of migration. Birds arrive at a

　　given place year after year.

　　Unfavorable weather delays them only a few days. Total hours of daylight，

　　rather than weather， start them on the way.

　　How birds find their way to the same place year and why they follow their

　　own particular route are still mysteries. They evidently do not follow known

　　landmarks（地面标志），for many young birds migrate alone without the help of

　　experienced adults.

　　31.We can conclude from the first paragraph that ______.

　　[A]during the Ice Age， the whole Europe was covered with ice

　　[B]the south used to be the homelands of all birds

　　[C]scientists can confidently explain why birds migrate now

　　[D]migration of birds can be explained by the change of ice on earth

　　32.The birds mentioned in the third paragraph fly north in midwinter because ________.

　　[A]they are specially trained by a scientist

　　[B]they are affected by seasonal changes

　　[C]there is a change in their body temperature

　　[D]they are exposed to extra daylight

　　33.The phrase “account for” （line2，Para.4）most probably means _______.

　　[A]indicate

　　[B]explain

　　[C]prove

　　[D]provide

　　34.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage

　　[A]Birds do not migrate at the same time.

　　[B]Birds usually follow regular routes of migration.

　　[C]Each species has a special reason for migration.

　　[D]Birds migrate to their own particular places every year.

　　35.The best title for the passage is ______.

　　[A]Different Accounts of Migration

　　[B]Migration and Weather

　　[C]New Discovery of Bird Migration

　　[D]Routes of Bird Migration

　　PART TWO

　　IV. Word Spelling（10 point，1 point for two words）

　　将下列汉语单词译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一个字母已在答题纸上给出。首字母后的每条短线上只写一个字母。

　　36.微小的

　　37.职业

　　38.机密

　　39.尊敬

　　40.邀请

　　41.绝望

　　42.勇气

　　43.罪犯

　　44.昂贵的

　　45.争吵

　　46.匆忙

　　47.足够的

　　48.残忍的

　　49.奇迹

　　50.平坦的

　　51.失败

　　52.消除

　　53.暂停

　　54.允许

　　55.博物馆

　　V. Word Form（10 points， 1 point for each）

　　将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。

　　56.Sometimes ocean currents ______（call）“rivers in the sea”。

　　57.The most common use of telecommunication satellites has been for

　　_______（transmit）telephone calls.

　　58.Do you know why people are unwilling _______（discuss） insurance

　　59.This is another way of saying that mans understanding is always

　　_______（little） than perfect.

　　60.You neednt have left the door ________（unlock） since John has got the key.

　　61.Last summer I was told by a colleague that I would cool more quickly if I

　　________（drink） steaming bot tea rather than a cold drink.

　　62.what can he _______（do） at this time of the day

　　63.If I _______（leave）a little bit earlier， I would have caught the plane.

　　64.Traditionally， all the members of an _______（extend） family lived in the same area.

　　65.You _______（not change） much since we met last year.

　　VI. Translation from Chinese into English（15 points，3 points for each）

　　将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题是。

　　66.研究表明大量喝酒的人更易得心脏病。

　　67.解决实际问题的办法事先不能预见。

　　68.如果当你听从我的劝告就不会陷入困境。

　　69.大多数单亲父母发现独自照顾家庭有困难。

　　70.是现代技术使我们走向成功。

　　VII. Translation form English into Chinese（15 points）

　　将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

　　When we work-and also when we play-we use up energy. The energy may be

　　physical or mental or a combination of the two.

　　When our work or play is prolonged， we become tired and want to stop and

　　rest or change to some other activity. If we do not stop， we become

　　gradually less efficient.

　　If we set someone at a job and keep him at it continuously without rest，

　　ultimately he will break down and be unable to go on.

　　If rest intervals or changes of activity are introduced， the person will be

　　able to work for a much longer period of time.

　　Efficiency， then， seems to be mainly a matter of the distribution of work

　　and rest periods. In ordinary life， we work during the day， and sleep at

　　night， year in and year out.