英语讲义【158】多姿多彩的with结构

With是个介词，基本的意思是“用”，但它也可以协助构成一个极为多采多姿的句型，在句子中起两种作用；副词与形容词。

　　with在下列结构中起副词作用：

　　1.“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：
　　（1） This article deals with common social ills, with particular attention being paid to vandalism.

　　2.“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”，如：
　　（2） With different techniques used, different results can be obtained.
　　（3） The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands.

　　3.“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：
　　（4） With so much water vapour present in the room, some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily.
　　（5） Every night, Helen sleeps with all the windows open.

　　4.“with+宾语＋介词短语”，如：
　　（6） With the school badge on his shirt, he looks all the more serious.
　　（7） With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal.

　　5.“with+宾语＋副词虚词”，如：
　　（8） You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.
　　（9） How can you lock the door with your guests in?

　　上面五种“with”结构的副词功能，相当普遍，尤其是在科技英语中。

　　接着谈“with”结构的形容词功能，有下列五种：

　　一、“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：
　　（10） The body with a constant force acting on it. moves at constant pace.
　　（11） Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ?

　　二、“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”
　　（12） Throw away the container with its cover sealed.
　　（13） Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds.

　　三、“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：
　　（14） Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.

　　四、“with+宾语+介词短语”，如：
　　（15） The young lady with a red ribbon on her head is my former maths teacher.
　　（16） Do you know the gentleman with both hands in his pockets?

　　五、“with+宾语+副词虚词，”如：
　　（17） Is there any water in the kettle with this cover off ?
　　（18） Out went the boy scouts with their uniforms on.