英语讲义【49】条件句和让步句如何表达

英语的句式多彩多姿，同一个意思可以透过不同句型反映出来。

　　现在让我们看看两种出现率很高的句式，即条件句和让步句。

　　英语条件句可以下列5种方式进行：

　　㈠由条件副词分句表达，如：
　　① If you go out in the rain, you will get wet.
　　② Unless a person tries hard, he won't succeed.
　　③ In case I forget about the meeting, please remind me.
　　④ He will be allowed to do it on condition that he abides by all the rules and regulations.

　　条件副词分句里的连词“if”，在某些情况下可以省略，但句子要倒装，如：
　　⑤ Should it rain tomorrow/ If it should rain tomorrow, I shall not go out.
　　⑥ Had you worked harder/ If you had worked harder, you would have made it.

　　㈡由复合介词“in case of/ in the event of”引导的条件副词词组表达，如：
　　⑦ In case of fire, call the fire brigade.
　　⑧ In the event of an emergency, call up the police.

　　㈢由连词“supposing/ provided”引荐的分句表达，如：
　　⑨ Supposing （that） the matter was true, what would you say ?
　　⑩ I will lend you my car provided （that） you take good care of it.

　　㈣由“but for/ but that”引荐的词组或分句表达，如：
　　● But for your timely help, we would have been in hot water.
　　● But that Tom is sick, he would be here today.

　　㈤由祈使句表达，如：
　　● Work hard and you will succeed.

　　现在来看看让步句的表达法。

　　⑴由让步副词分句表达，如：
　　● Although he is rich, he is not happy.
　　● Though Jim is learned, he lacks experience.

　　⑵由副词“however”构成的分句表达，如：
　　● However hard you may try, you will not get the job.
　　● We will have to finish the job, however long it takes.

　　⑶ 由代名词“whatever/ whoever”等表达，如：
　　● Some students refused to work whatever the teacher might say.
　　● She won't care whoever he is.

　　⑷由介词“despite”或复合介词“in spite of”引荐的让步副词词组表达，如：
　　● Despite being tired, some students went on studying until late at night.
　　● In spite of illness, David came to work.

　　⑸通过“no matter how/ no matter what”所构成的分句表达，如：
　　● No matter how cold it is, Helen always goes swimming.
　　● No matter what they did, their boss was not pleased.