英语讲义【42】“疑问词+不定式动词”结构

英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词+不定式动词（question word + to-infinitive）。

　　疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。

　　“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢？其主要功用有下列五种：

　　⑴当主语，如：
　　● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
　　● Where to live is a problem.
　　● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.

　　⑵当宾语，如：
　　● We must know what to say at a meeting.
　　● He could not tell whom to trust.
　　● Do you know how to play bridge?

　　⑶当补足语，如：
　　● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
　　● The question is who to elect.

　　⑷当名词同位语，如：
　　● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
　　● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?

　　⑸当宾语补足语，如：
　　● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
　　● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.

　　适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。

　　有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如：
　　● I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
　　● Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.

　　有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如：
　　● The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
　　● Have you told him where to get the application form?

　　综上所述，可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新，既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构，可以多多运用。