Basic APA citation style

An APA citation is a brief in-text citation （not a footnote） that provides information on a text's author and date of publication. This brief citation is keyed to a full reference in an alphabetical list of works included at the end of the paper. A complete bibliographic citation thus has two parts: （1） the in-text citation in the body of the paper, and （2） the bibliographic reference in the list of works cited.

　　（1） In-text citation

　　Zhao （2000） argues that Chinese nationalism has traditionally been inward-directed rather than outward-directed and expansionist.

　　（2） Reference in the list of references

　　Zhao, S. （2000）. Chinese nationalism and its international orientations. Political Science Quarterly 115, 1-33.

　　Let's consider first the in-text citation and then the list of references and individual references.