翻译研究

英语常用并列连词，如and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only…but also, either…or或 neither…nor等连接两个或几个同等成分，这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词的宾语、两个或几个名词的定语、两个或几个介词短语等。如果并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句，则构成一个并列句，使用并列结构可以使文字简洁，结构紧凑，并避免重复。

　　1. That is why women remain children their whole life long: never seeing anything but what is quite close to them, clinging to the present moment, taking appearance for reality, and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance.

　　分析：该句中，四个现在分词短语构成并列结构，做状语。对前面的表语从句进行补充说明。

　　译文：那就是为什么妇女一生都不成熟：从来都只看见眼前的事情，都只抓住眼前的一刻，都把表面当本质，都倾心于琐事而放过至关重要的事。

　　2. But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.

　　分析：该句有两个并列的由and 连接的原因状语从句，都是由since引导，available to the poor修饰money, purchasable with a given supply of money修饰the amount of power.主句中的从句unless accompanied by other measures分割了is likely和to be ineffective in a wealthy society.

　　译文：但是，既然贫穷与穷人可得到的货币绝对供应量无关，而是无权力所造成的，既然用一定量的货币所能购买的权力量随着一个社会获得的商品和服务量的增加而下降，那么提高穷人收入的解决办法在一个富裕社会很可能不会奏效，除非同时采取其他的措施。

　　3. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.

　　分析：old story是句子的表语，后面有两个介词短语做定语。它们在结构上是相同的，在连词until后面都有状语从句。翻译时也要译成两个平行的句子。

　　译文: 直到失去时,方知珍惜我们曾经拥有的一切,就好比生病时,才知道健康的重要.