英语讲义【151】句子合成法

两个或两个以上简单句（Simple Sentence）可以合成一个较长的简单句、并列句（Compound Sentence）或复杂句（Complex Sentence）。通过句子的合成，我们得以更清楚地看出句子间的语义关系，而且还可以使句子多样化，增加文章的丰姿。

　　现在就从三方面来看看句子合成法的问题。

　　1. 由两三个简单句合成一个长的简单句。例如：

　　（1） John ran away. He escaped the danger.
　　→ Running away, John escaped the danger.

　　（2） The hunter took up his gun. He shot the boar.
　　→ The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.

　　（3） The king died. The queen heard about it. She fainted.
　　→ On hearing about the king's death, the queen fainted.

　　（4） Kelvin is my good friend. He is a strong supporter of social justice.
　　→ Kelvin, a strong supporter of social justice, is my good friend.

　　（5） The rascal kicked the cat. He kicked it on the back. He kicked it intentionally.
　　→ The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.

　　2. 由两三个简单句合成一个并列句。例如：

　　（6） John was sad. He kept quiet.
　　→ John was sad but he kept quiet.

　　（7） Take the book. Leave it there.
　　→ Take the book or leave it there.

　　（8） Sean did not come to class today. He had a bad headache.
　　→ Sean did not come to class today, for he had a bad headache.

　　（9） Bruce was lying on the bed. He looked at the ceiling. He saw a lizard.
　　→ Lying on the bed, Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.

　　3. 由两三个简单句合成一个复杂句。例如：

　　（10） Kelvin is getting rich. We know about it.
　　→ We know that kelvin is getting rich.

　　（11） I like this book. It contains many amusing stories.
　　→ I like this book which contains many amusing stories.

　　（12） Helen is sure to get her pay. It is due to her. Why does she complain?
　　→ Why does Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her ?

　　（13） The woman was exhausted. She had not slept well the previous night.
　　→ The woman was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.

　　上面例子显示，简单句由“主语+谓语”（Subject + Predicate） 构成，有时还附有修饰性的短语。并列句由至少两个地位平等的并列分句透过并列连词 （Coordinating Conjunction）如“and, or, but, so, for”等连成。复杂句包括一个主句 （Main Clause）及至少一个从句 （Subordinate Clause）， 通过从属连词（Subordinating Conjunction） 如“That, since, because, when, if”等合成。从属分句因功能不同而分成“名词从句”（Noun Clause）, “副词从句”（Adverb Clause） 和“形容词从句”（Adjective Clause）。

　　上述诸句式中，复杂句最为多采多姿，不妨多用。为了避免句子太长，难以控制，一个复杂句不要超过三个从句。