2007朱泰祺考研英语强化班授课讲义(三)

I. Use of English
　　Directions: [2006年试题]

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can't possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.

　　5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 . One of the federal government's studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

　　Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, "There has to be 20 of programs. What's needed is a package deal."

　　1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore

　　2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain

　　3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward

　　4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep

　　5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not

　　6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ

　　7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that

　　8. [A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending

　　9. [A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers

　　10. [A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss

　　11. [A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only

　　12. [A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house

　　13. [A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering

　　14. [A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas

　　15. [A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance

　　16. [A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up

　　17. [A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating

　　18. [A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus

　　19. [A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes

　　20. [A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordination
II. Reading Comprehension Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on

　　ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　[2006年试题]

　　On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him

　　a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.

　　He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card," which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, those activities "became what he calls "electronic heroin."

　　(41) . In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

　　In March 1998 a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a "cease admissions" letter. Noting the "medical/psychological" nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.

　　(42) .

　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: "Enjoy the fun.., and always bet with your head, not over it." Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was "helplessly addicted to gambling," intentionally worked to "lure" him to "engage in conduct against his will." Well

　　(43) .

　　The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says "pathological gambling" involves

　　persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

　　(44) . Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

　　(45) .

　　Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on - you might say addicted to - revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.

　　[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

　　[E] David Williams's suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don't bet on it.

　　[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even

　　 if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
III. English-Chinese Translation

　　Part C

　　Directions: [2006年试题]

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.

　　First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties – he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

　　The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. The description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else. (339 words)

　　IV. Writing Part A (2006年试题)

　　Directions:

　　You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

　　Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.

　　Do not write the address. (10 points)

　　Sample:

　　Dear Sir,

　　I am writing to ask for your help of finding a candidate for the Hope Project, since I have decided to give financial aid to a child in a remote area.

　　如有可能，我很愿意帮助一个西藏的小女孩， 她虽然出生于贫困家庭， 但是很渴望学习。I plan to send her 300 yuan per month. In the meanwhile, I will provide clothes, books and other necessities for her. 如果她将来能够通过努力考上大学，我会继续给予援助。

　　If you happen to have such a candidate, please let me know as soon as possible.

　　Thank you for your time.

　　Yours faithfully,

　　Li Ming

　　作业：1. 认真复习本单元材料。要注意词汇的确切词义、搭配和用法。注意完形填空的命题思路和应试对策。

　　2. 阅读“复习指导”中语法长难句试题例解和重点词汇的介词搭配例解。

　　赠言：成功来源于刻苦努力。(Success results from hard work.)

　　帮助你学习记忆单词的有效方法 -- 同根词解析

　　fenc, fend, fens [拉丁语] = protect 防御， *fence n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆

　　*defend [de离开 + fend 击 = 把 … 打跑] vt. 保卫，防守；为 … 辩护 *defence/se n. 防御，保卫；防御物；辩护，答辩；pl. 防务，防御工事 *offend [of (=ob)反对 + fend 还击] vt. 冒犯，得罪，违反；使厌恶，使不舒服 *offence/se n. 犯规 *offensive a. 冒犯的，攻击的 n. 攻势，进攻