英语讲义【56】具副词功能的“连词+现在分词短语”

前些时候谈过《具副词功能的现在分词短语》，并举出意义不同的例句，说明其用途。

　　这里要举出另外一些例子，以证明“连词+现在分词短语”也可作副词，修饰谓语动词。

　　我们可以从五方面探讨这问题。

　　⒈和“When, while, before, after, since”等连用，表示“ 时间”，例如：
　　● He scanned the newspaper while having breakfast.
　　● Some students stammered when speaking in front of the teacher.
　　● Wash your hands before eating your meals.
　　● Return the book to me after reading it.
　　● I have lost contact with Robi since leaving university.

　　⒉和“thus, thereby”连用，表示“结果”，例如：
　　● All the necessary details are included, thus eliminating needless further correspondence.
　　● John did not come along, thereby making it necessary for us to get someone else to replace him.

　　⒊和“though, although”连用，表示“让步”，例如：
　　● Though working day and night, the gambler still could not make enough money to pay off his debts.
　　● Although answering all the questions in the test, Xiaogai did not get a good grade.

　　⒋和“even if, even though”连用，表示“条件”，例如：
　　● Even if still functioning, the old machine would be of no great value.
　　● Even though raining, we had to launch the campaign as planned.

　　⒌和“as if, as though”连用，表示“比较”，例如：
　　● The man walked hurriedly, but suddenly stopped, as if remembering something.
　　● Helen sat down in a quiet corner, as though waiting for someone to come.

　　就一般情况说，现在分词短语作副词用途时，它的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语。但是如果分词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，它便要有自己的主语而形成独立结构（an absolute construction），即：“主语+现在分词短语”。例如：
　　● He stared at the approaching girl, his eyes widening.
　　● All the participants having arrived, the chairman declared the meeting open.

　　必要时，现在分词短语也可以和“with,without”等连用。例如：
　　● With their breath running out, some weaker athletes had to stop playing.
　　● In a quiet place like that, the villagers generally do as they wish, without anybody trying to bother about them.