英语讲义【76】副词分句

在英语三种分句中，副词分句种类最多，用途最广。就其功用或意义说，副词分句可以用来表示“时间、原因、条件、让步、地点、目的、结果、方式、比较”等。

　　时间副词分句由从属连词 when, since, before, after, while, as soon as 等引导。例如：

　　● Give me a call when you are free.
　　● Jim had done his homework before he went to class.
　　● As soon as the speaker entered the auditorium, the audience clapped.

　　原因副词分句由从属连词 because, since, as 等引导。例如：

　　● Helen got the job because she was the most suitable candidate.
　　● As he was tired, he went to bed early.

　　条件副词分句由从属连词 if, unless 等引导。例如：

　　● If you try hard, you are sure to improve.
　　● We will leave as planned unless we are informed otherwise.

　　让步副词分句由从属连词 though, although 等引导。例如：

　　● Though David was not well, he came to work as usual.
　　● I enjoy walking although I do not go out as much as I used to.

　　地点副词分句由从属连词 where, wherever 等引导。例如：

　　● Where there is oppression, there is resistance.
　　● In today's world, you can go wherever you want.

　　目的副词分句由从属连词 so that, in order that 等引导。例如：

　　● Please speak louder, so that all can hear you.
　　● The students work hard in order that they can pass.

　　结果副词分句由从属连词 so……that, such……that 等引导。例如：

　　● The weather is so hot that I don't like to go out of doors.
　　● China is such a large country that it takes time to make it a fully developed nation.

　　方式副词分句由从属连词 as, just as……so 等引导。例如：

　　● We will do as we are told.
　　● Just as men sow, so will they reap.

　　比较副词分句由从属连词 as, than 等引导。例如：

　　● Dick is as smart as you （are）.
　　● We know you better than he does.

　　这里有几点要注意。第一、当副词分句在句首出现时，要用逗号和主句隔开。第二、习惯上，先出现的分句的主语要用名词，后出现的用代词，如：

　　 Before John went out, he locked the door.

　　第三、有些副词分句可以在句首，就把它们放在句首，主句在后。这样可以使人更注意主句中的内容，达到较好的传讯效益。例如：

　　 a. Tom was absent as he was ill.
　　　b. As Tom was ill, he was absent.

　　a. The boys ran home when it rained.
　　　b. When it rained, the boys ran home.

　　a. You will do well if you surge ahead.
　　　b. If you surge ahead, you will do well.

　　a. Betty did not get the job though she was interviewed.
　　　b. Though Betty was interviewed, she did not get the job.